66 Chapter 3 DAPI CONTROL ACTIVE CA RIM HLA-DR HLA-DR,DP,DQ HLA-DR / HLA-DR,DP,DQ INACTIVE A B C D E Figure 1. Expression of HLA-DR/DP/DQ in white matter lesions in MS. Representative images of HLA-DR/DP/DQ expression in control (a) and multiple sclerosis lesions (b-d); Active (b), chronic active (CA) rim (c) and inactive (d) lesions. (e) Quantitative analysis of the number of HLA-DR and HLA-DR/DP/DQ positive cells showed an increase in active lesions compared to control and NAWM tissues. (f) HLA-DR positive cells and HLA-DP/DQ/DR positive cells from single immunostainings show an overlap in the number of positive stained cells. ****P<0.0001. Scale bar = 50 µm. NAWM = normal appearing white matter, CA = chronic active. complete overlap with HLA-DR in all MS and control. The number of cells positive for both HLA-DR and HLA-DR, DP, DQ was increased four-fold in active lesions compared to control (P < 0.0001) or NAWM (P < 0.0001, Fig. 1E). To characterise the distribution of the markers IBA-1, CD68 and HLA-DR, a triple staining was performed in control (Fig. 2A), and in NAWM, active (Fig. 2B), chronic active (Fig. 2C), and inactive (Fig. 2D) MS lesions. In control and NAWM, most microglia and macrophages
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