98 Chapter 4 CON aEAE CON aEAE 0 10 20 30 40 TSPO+ μm2/ cell ✱ microglia astrocytes TSPO/GFAP TSPO/GFAP TSPO/IBA1 d aEAE MS e a b f g h c i k o l j CON MS CON MS 0 10 20 30 40 TSPO+ μm2/ cell microglia astrocytes CON aEAE CON PEAE 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 IBA1+ cells / mm2 young aged ✱✱✱✱ ✱✱✱✱ CON aEAE CON PEAE 0 250 500 750 1000 TSPO+IBA1+ cells / mm2 ✱✱✱✱ ✱✱✱✱ young aged CON aEAE CON PEAE 0 250 500 750 1000 TSPO+ cells / mm2 ✱✱✱✱ ✱✱✱✱ young aged CON aEAE CON PEAE 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 GFAP+ cells / mm2 ✱✱✱✱ ✱✱✱ young aged CON aEAE CON PEAE 0 250 500 750 1000 TSPO+GFAP+ cells / mm2 ✱✱ ✱ young aged m n TSPO/IBA1 CON PEAE CON PEAE 0 10 20 30 40 TSPO+ μm2/ cell microglia astrocytes ✱✱ Acute lesions Subacute lesions Control 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 TSPO+ pixels / TSPO+IBA1+ cell n=17,918 n=6,170 n=34,345 Figure 6. Microglia in mouse aEAE and PEAE, and marmoset EAE, but not MS, increase TSPO expression. a,b Representative images of TSPO+ microglia and astrocytes in MS. c TSPO+ microglia (P = 0.2278, t=1.306, df=8) and astrocytes (P = 0.5476, U=9, ranks=31, 24) do not increase TSPO expression in MS. d,e Representative images of TSPO expression in microglia and astrocytes in EAE mice. f-h microglia (P < 0.0001, F(3,20)=25.68), astrocyte (P < 0.0001, F(3,20)=25.51), and TSPO+ cell numbers (P < 0.0001, F(3,20)=44.53), are increased during disease in aEAE mice and PEAE. i,j An increase in both TSPO+ microglia (P < 0.0001, F(3,20)=30.93) and TSPO+ astrocytes (P = 0.0005, K-W=17.72) is observed during disease. k,l TSPO+ microglia increase TSPO expression in aEAE mice (P = 0.0136, t=3.152, df=8), and in PEAE mice (P = 0.0028, t=4.248, df=8). Astrocytes do not increase TSPO expression in aEAE (P = 0.0556, U=3, ranks=37, 18), and PEAE (P = 0.5918, t=0.5584, df=8). m,n Representative images of TSPO+ microglia in marmoset
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