Alexander Beulens

103 Training novice robot surgeons: Proctoring provides same results as simulator-generated guidance Appendix 3c. Comparison of the pre-intervention and post-intervention vesicourethral anastomosis simulation exercise scores for the Simulator generated guidance group Variable Simulator generated guidance group Number of participants of which data was available Pre-intervention score, Median (IQR) Post-intervention score, Median (IQR) Difference in score, Median (IQR) Z-value$ / T-value* p-value Total time (seconds) Number of movements - left instrument (n) 24 1597.1 (566.6) 1675.3 (442.2) 12.5 (355.9) -0.286 .775 Number of movements - right instrument (n) 24 1019.5 (480.0) 1089.0 (457.8) -20.0 (332) -1.314 .189 Path length - left instrument (mm) 24 1151.5 (451.5) 1191.5 (486.0) -47.0 (286) -1.429 .153 Path length - right instrument (mm) 24 9276.2 (4213.0) 12509.3 (6156.3) -1249.0 (3198.0) -2.171 .030 Distance by camera (mm) 24 10382..7 (5228.2) 11422.6 (5964.7) -849.1 (3547.3) -2.114 .034 Instrument collisions (n) 24 847.8 (871.5) 1163.8 (1618.3) 1.1 (954.2) -1.400 .162 Total path of instruments traveled out of view (mm) 24 74.0 (72.8) 69.5 (64.3) -8.0 (84) -0.986 .324 Number of times instruments are out of view (n) 24 1183.7 (1476.6) 2069.9 (2580.5) -299.8 (1537.4) -1.029 .304

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