71 Training novice robot surgeons: Proctoring provides same results as simulator-generated guidance es were found in the number of metrics among participants (Appendix 2). There was a significative decrease in number of injuries to the urethra (p=0,0017) (Figure 5a) and wound separation (p<0,001) in the post-intervention simulation exercise (Figure 5a and 5b). Fewer episodes of improper suturing technique (p=0,002) and a lower number of unnecessary needle piercing points (p=0,003) were found in the post-intervention exer-cises (Figure 5c and 5d). Interestingly, there was an increase in the total number of entrance and exit points of the in the post-intervention exercises (p=0,005) (Figure 5c). A comparison of the pre- and post-intervention simulation scores for each of the interven-tion groups showed significant differences in multiple metrics among the groups (Appendix 3). Among all intervention groups a significant decrease in wound separation was found (p=0,001, 0,009 and 0,002) and this decrease was the highest in the non-intervention group (Figures 6a-6c). A significant decrease in clutch usage (p=0,003), number of times the tissue was grasped (p=0,015) and the number of movements of the right-instrument (p=0,011) was observed in the no guidance group (Figures 6d-6f). The proctor guided group showed a significative drop in the number of inju-ries to both the urethra (p=0,017) and the bladder neck (p=0,016) (Figure 6g6h). This group also showed a lower number of unnecessary needle piercing points after the intervention (p=0,017) (Figure 6l). Figure 5: Box and Whisker plot representing the metrics which showed significant differences when comparing the results of the pre-intervention to the post-intervention overall simulation scores A) number of injuries to the urethra (p=0,017), B) wound separation (p<0,001), C) improper suturing technique (p=0,002), D) number of unnecessary needle piercing points (p=0,003), E) increase in the total number of entrance and exit points through which the needle has passed (p=0,005). d e b a c
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