77 Training novice robot surgeons: Proctoring provides same results as simulator-generated guidance Factors predicting the achievement of threshold scores during the vesicourethral anastomosis simu-lation Table 5 shows the results of the univariate analysis of factors that could have influenced the gain in surgical skills among all participants. None of the included variables had a significant impact on achievement of the threshold scores during the vesicourethral anastomosis simulation among the participants. Participant satisfaction The results of the participant’s satisfaction of the training are shown in Table 6. The participants in the no guidance group found the first attempt at the vesicourethral anastomosis more useful com-pared to the participants in the SGG group, while, the satisfaction of this part of the training of the proctor guided group did not differ significantly from the other two groups (Appendix 3). The proc-tor guided group found the intervention more useful compared to both the non-intervention group and the simulation trained group. The results showed the proctor guided group indicated they felt Table 3 Pre-intervention threshold scores achievement during vesico-urethral anastomosis simulation exercise among the groups.19 Variable Criteria No guidance group Passed criteria, n (%) Proctor guided group Passed criteria, n (%) Simulator generated guidance group Passed criteria, n (%) p-value Number of unnecessary needle piercing points <=74 9 (39.1) 12 (54.5) 17 (70.8) 0.092# Total time <= 1158 [sec] 0 0 0 n.a. Instrument collision <= 30 4 (17.4) 4 (18.2) 4 (16.7) 0.991# Total time instruments are out of view <= 120 [sec] 14 (60.9) 13 (59.1) 10 (41.7) 0.345# Number of movements right instrument <= 1321 movements 15 (65.2) 15 (68.2) 18 (75.0) 0.756# Path length right instrument <= 11428 [mm] 11 (47.8) 10 (45.5) 14 (58.3) 0.644# Wound separation <= 1 [mm] 0 0 0 n.a. Passed all criteria * 0 0 0 n.a. # Pearson Chi-square* excluding total time since all participants were required to practice a total time of 30 minutes at the console
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