91 Training novice robot surgeons: Proctoring provides same results as simulator-generated guidance Appendix Appendix 1. Pre-intervention vesicourethral anastomosis simulation exercise scores. Variable No guidance group (n=23) Proctor guided group (n=23) Simulator generated guidance group (n=24) F-value DF 1 DF 2 p-value overall P-value Non-No guidance group vs... Proctor guided group P-value Non-No guidance group vs... Simulator generated guidance group P-value Proctor guided group vs... Simulator generated guidance group Time and Economy Total time (seconds) 1739.4 (307.3) 1709.4 (275.0) 1597.1 (566.6) 1.671@ 2@ 66@ 0.196@ 0.643^ 0.623^ 0.169^ Number of movements - left instrument (n) 1089.0 (2013.0) 1025.0 (482.3) 1019.5 (480.0) 1.207@ 2@ 66@ 0.305@ 0.748^ 0.688^ 0.274^ Number of movements - right instrument (n) 1250.0 (759.0) 1053.0 (549.5) 1151.5 (451.5) 0.947@ 2@ 66@ 0.393@ 0.909^ 0.624^ 0.380^ Path length - left instrument (mm) 11343.3 (6945.7) 10905.3 (8368.0) 9276.2 (4213.0) 1.712@ 2@ 66@ 0.188@ 0.541^ 0.715^ 0.163^ Path length - right instrument (mm) 12481.9 (6854.2) 11578.4 (8574.2) 10382..7 (5228.2) 1.454@ 2@ 66@ 0.241@ 0.657^ 0.686^ 0.211^ Distance by camera (mm) 1030.7 (2004.1) 1003.4 (1053.3) 847.8 (871.5) 0.618@ 2@ 66@ 0.542@ 0.809^ 0.878^ 0.511^ Instrument collisions (n) 83.0 (94.0) 72.0 (52.8) 74.0 (72.8) 0.364@ 2@ 66@ 0.697@ 0.854^ 0.678^ 0.954^ Total path of instruments traveled out of view (mm) 1214.1 (3208.9) 1342.9 (3668.5) 1183.7 (1476.6) 0.559@ 2@ 66@ 0.574@ 0.778^ 0.929^ 0.551^ Number of times instruments are out of view (n) 43.0 (83.0) 47.0 (64.3) 33.5 (76.0) 0.008@ 2@ 66@ 0.992@ 1.000^ 0.993^ 0.995^
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