94 Chapter 3 Appendix 2. Comparison of the pre-intervention and post-intervention vesicourethral anastomosis simulation exercise overall scores. Variable Number of participants of which data was available Pre-intervention score, Median (IQR) Post-intervention score, Median (IQR) Difference in score, Median (IQR) Z-value$ / T-value* p-value Time and Economy Total time (seconds)$ 66 1714.7 (466.9) 1679.9 (497.3) 81.9 (472.1) -1.409 .159 Number of movements - left instrument (n)$ 66 1025.0 (593.0) 1036.0 (404.5) -3.0 (433.0) -0.297 .766 Number of movements - right instrument (n)$ 66 133.0 (516.5) 1138.0 (461.0) 8.0 (473.0) -0.866 .387 Path length - left instrument (mm)$ 66 10184.8 (6776.2) 10782.0 (5770.6) -803.2 (4315.6) -0.393 .694 Path length - right instrument (mm)$ 66 11285.7 (6438.4) 10873.5 (4801.5) -403.5 (5853.2) -0.105 .916 Distance by camera (mm)$ 66 984.65 (1221.8) 762.56 (1446.4) 1.419 (1115.0) -0.719 .472 Instrument collisions (n)$ 66 74.0 (81.0) 67.0 (54.0) 6.0 (74.0) -1.054 .292 Total path of instruments travelled out of view (mm)$ 66 1308.4 (2553.1) 1404.6 (2160.6) -118.2 (2066.9) -0.227 .821 Number of times instruments are out of view (n)$ 66 41.0 (74.0) 46.0 (66.5) -9.0 (61.0) -0.862 .388
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