99 Training novice robot surgeons: Proctoring provides same results as simulator-generated guidance Wound separation (mm) 21 13.6 (7.3) 10.47 (8.4) 5.2 (7.9) -3.375 .001 Improper suturing technique (n) 12 4.0 (5.0) 1.0 (2.8) 0.0 (4) -2.089 0.036 Needle handling Percentage of stitches within optimal depth (%) 21 66.7 (47.1) 70.0 (42.6) -1.1 (44.4) -0.156 .876 Number of unnecessary needle piercing points (n) 21 78.0 (45.0) 63.0 (31.5) 18.0 (51) -2.207 .027 The total number of entrance and exit points through which the needle has passed (n) 21 24.0 (14.0) 30.0 (14.0) -2.0 (15) -0.591 .555 Suture handling Excessive force - Suture breakage (n) 21 0.0 (1.0) 0.0 (0.5) 0.0 (1) -0.540 .589 Tissue handling Number of times the tissue was grasped (n) 21 21.0 (28.0) 9.0 (15.0) 3.0 (18) -2.440 .015 Variable No guidance group Number of participants of which data was available Pre-intervention score, Median (IQR) Post-intervention score, Median (IQR) Difference in score, Median (IQR) Z-value$ / T-value* p-value Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
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