132 Chapter 7 Abstract Background There are several methods to measure body composition in preterm infants. Yet, there is no agreement on which method should be preferred. Methods PubMed, Embase.com, Wiley/Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched for studies that reported on the predictive value or validity of body composition measurements in preterms, up to 6 months corrected age. Results Nineteen out of 1884 identified studies were included. Predictive equations based on weight and length indices, body area circumferences, skinfold thickness, bioelectrical impedance and ultrasound did not show agreement with body compositionmeasuredwithair displacement plethysmography (ADP), dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or isotope dilution. ADP agreed well with fat mass density measured by isotope dilution (bias -0.002 g/ ml, limits of agreement + 0.012 g/ml, n = 14). Fat mass percentage measured with ADP did not agree well with fat mass percentage measured by isotope dilution (limits of agreement up to + 5.8%) and the bias between measurements was up to 2.2%. DXA, MRI and isotope dilution were not compared to another reference method in preterms. Conclusions DXA, ADP and isotope dilution methods are considered trustworthy validated techniques. Nevertheless, this review showed that these methods may not yield comparable results.
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