52 Chapter 3 Table 2. Baseline characteristics All (n=86)a BPD (n=29) No BPD (n=57) P value Gender, n male (%) 44 (51.2) 17 (58.6) 27 (47.4) 0.324b Ethnicity, n white (%) 65 (75.6) 22 (75.9) 43 (75.4) 0.966b Gestational age (weeks), mean (SD) 29.0 (1.7) 27.9 (1.7) 29.6 (1.5) <0.001c Birthweight (g), mean (SD) 1217 (312) 1055 (271) 1298 (301) 0.001c Birthweight SDS, mean (SD) 0.0 (0.7) 0.0 (0.7) 0.0 (0.7) 0.765c Birthweight SDS < -1.3, n (%) 3 (3.5) 1 (3.4) 2 (3.5) 1.000d Antenatal steroids e, n (%) 56 (69.1) 17 (63.0) 39 (72.2) 0.395b Postnatal steroids r, n (%) 8 (9.3) 5 (17.2) 3 (5.3) 0.113d Ventilation days, median (IQR) 0 (0.0 - 5.0) 2.0 (0.0 – 9.0) 0.0 (0.0 – 2.3) 0.007e IRDS, n (%) <0.001b IRDS stage I - II 24 (27.9) 14 (48.3) 10 (17.5) IRDS stage III - IV 19 (22.1) 9 (31.0) 10 (17.5) ROP, n (%) 0.532d No ROP 81 (94.2) 27 (93.1) 54 (94.7) ROP stage I 4 (4.7) 1 (3.4) 3 (5.3) ROP stage III 1 (1.2) 1 (3.4) 0 (0.0) PDA requiring treatment, n (%) 8 (9.3) 5 (17.2) 3 (5.3) 0.113d NEC, n (%) 6 (7.0) 4 (13.8) 2 (3.5) 0.173d LOS, n (%) 30 (34.9) 14 (48.3) 16 (28.1) 0.063b IVH grade > III, n (%) 3 (3.5) 3 (10.3) 0 (0) 0.036d PHVD, n (%) 8 (9.3) 3 (10.3) 5 (8.8) 1.000d PVL, n (%) 3 (3.5) 1 (3.4) 2 (3.5) 1.000d a See web appendices for inclusion flow chart b Chi-square Test c Independent sample T-test d Fisher-Exact test e Mann-whitney U test f Antenatal steroids were defined as at least 2 doses of bethametason g Postnatal steroids were defined as at least 3 days of hydrocortisone treatment Values in bold are statistically significant BPD: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, IRDS: Infant respiratory stress syndrome, IVH: intraventricular hemorrhage, LOS: Late-onset sepsis; NEC: Necrotizing enterocolitis; PDA: patent ductus arteriosus, PHVD: post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation, PVL: periventricular leukomalacia, ROP: retinopathy of prematurity, SD: standard deviation, SDS: standard deviation score
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