126 reinforcement-extinction), 24 participants in group 3 (continuous reinforcement-counterconditioning), 24 participants in group 4 (continuous reinforcement-extinction) and 25 participants in group 5 (sham). Participants were stratified for gender, so that each group contained 5 male participants. Descriptive data of the questionnaire scores, temperature levels, and pain ratings are listed in Table 1. One-way ANOVAs indicated that there were no significant between-groups differences in the mean scores on any of the psychological questionnaires. The mean warmth detection threshold across all participants was 33.5°C (standard deviation; SD = 0.5) and the mean pain threshold was 42.3°C (SD = 2.9). The results of a one-way ANOVA indicated that there were no significant group differences in the mean temperatures selected to induce low, moderate and high pain. A one-way ANOVA detected a significant group difference in the ratings of the control trials of the induction phase, however when the analysis was performed again with the sham group removed, it was revealed that this difference was merely driven by the sham group, where half of the control trials were purposely paired with high pain stimulation. Despite moving the thermode several times during the experiment in order to avoid habituation to the heat stimuli, an overall decrease in pain ratings over time was observed (see Table 1, Conditioning and Attenuation rows).
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