Chapter 4 – Experimental learning 133 Figure 4. Comparison of nocebo magnitudes after extinction, between the partial reinforcement and continuous reinforcement. Differences in mean Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain ratings and standard deviations between the partial reinforcement-extinction group and the continuous reinforcement-extinction group (N = 48) are depicted. Dots represent the (jittered) individual data points. The direction of the difference between the first nocebo trial of the first evocation (Nocebo Pre) and the first nocebo trial of the second evocation (Nocebo Post) pointed towards partial reinforcement resulting in a more durable nocebo response, compared to continuous reinforcement, however this difference did not reach significance. Manipulation-check for the time-course of extinction In order to verify that resistance to extinction was not present at an earlier stage during attenuation, we analyzed the 20th attenuation trial, however again, no resistance to extinction was shown. When the 30th Partial reinforcement - Extinction Continuous reinforcement - Extinction Trial Nocebo Pre Nocebo Post NRS score 7 8 9
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