Chapter 5 – Experimental fear 167 significantly larger nocebo responses after higher, compared to lower pain administration (Figure 4). High-threat group The analysis showed that there was no significant interaction between group (High-threat vs. Control) and trial type (nocebo vs. control) (F (1,46) = 0.15, P = 0.69, ηp 2 = 0.003) (Figure 4). Table 2. Group means and standard deviations for fear levels during acquisition and extinction, as well as magnitudes of reported nocebo hyperalgesia after acquisition and at the end of extinction. Group Control High-Pain High-Fear Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Acquisition Nocebo magnitude 0.9 1.4 1.8 1.4 1.1 1.1 Fear difference (reported) 1.1 1.2 2.4 1.7 1.6 1.3 Fear difference (EMG*) 42.6 13.4 45.9 12.3 61.6 25.6 Extinction Nocebo magnitude 0.2 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.8 Fear difference (reported) 0.6 0.9 1.4 1.4 0.7 1.3 Fear difference (EMG*) -3.10 4.8 -1.70 5.4 4.10 10.5 Note: Pain and fear scores are reported on a 0-10 pain numeric rating scale. Magnitudes of nocebo hyperalgesia are shown here as the difference between the control and the nocebo trial, at the start and at the end of extinction (i.e., after acquisition and after extinction). SD, Standard deviation; EMG, Electromyography.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTk4NDMw