172 Figure 5. Extinction of nocebo hyperalgesia. A) Extinction of nocebo responses, from the start to the end of extinction. Nocebo magnitudes and standard deviations, based on Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain ratings, at the start and at the end extinction are depicted, between all three groups. In addition, individual scores are presented in dots. There was no significant difference in the reduction rate of nocebo magnitudes between the Highpain and Control groups, or between the High-threat and Control groups. Negative values signify an effect comparable to a placebo effect (i.e., control trials having been rated higher than the nocebo trials). B) Residual nocebo responses at the end of extinction. Mean pain ratings and standard deviations for nocebo and control trials at the end of extinction are depicted, between all three groups. Contol High-pain High-fear Group NRS pain rating 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Extinction Nocebo Control Difference score NRS nocebo - control 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 Start of Extinction End of Extinction A B Contol High-pain High-fear Group
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