234 contrasts between and across pharmacological groups. Masks pertaining to a priori regions of interest (ROI) including the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dfPFC), amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), operculum, and insula were drawn from the Harvard-Oxford Atlas (HOA; 57 in FSLeyes 58. Masked ROI analyses were conducted separately per ROI. Statistical significance for all contrasts was corrected with a familywise error rate (FWE) correction to a p value of pFWE <.05. This was further adjusted with a Bonferroni correction per hypothesis to pFWE <.01 to correct for five ROI analyses per hypothesis, with a minimum cluster size of 10 voxels (2mm MNI space). Imaging data visualizations were carried out using FSL 59, ITK-SNAP (http://www.itksnap.org; 60, and ParaView (http://www.paraview.org; 61. Results Participants and pain reports Fifty-three participants were enrolled in this study and 2 were excluded upon screening for inclusion, based on their medical history. The data of 1 participant that completed the study were excluded due to technical errors in the experiment. A total of 50 participants (39 women) were included in the final analyses. The mean age of participants was 23 years (SD = 3.3; Table 1). Table 1 also displays mean warmth/pain detection thresholds, temperatures used, and reported pain differences during baseline as well as nocebo acquisition and extinction. Five participants that received DCS and two that received placebo self-reported noticing mild dizziness (n=2 in the DCS group), or sleepiness/tiredness (n=2 in the DCS group, n=1 in the placebo group).
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