100 Table 5.1 Sample Information of the Teacher Teams Ordered by Team Size Teacher teams Team size: Relationships Team size: Individuals Age (year) M (SD) Gender distribution (% of women) Teaching experience (year) M A (voc.) 240 16 46.1 (13.1) 92 10 B (voc.) 182 14 39.5 (12.9) 50 5 C (voc.) 132 12 39.4 (13.7) 10 10 D (voc.) 132 12 48.6 (10.6) 27 5 E (sec.) 132 12 40.5 (13.4) 55 5 F (prim.) 132 12 41.8 (11.8) 72 10 G (prim.) 110 11 39.7 (11.8) 89 10 H (prim.) 90 10 35.8 (11.8) 90 5 I (prim.) 72 9 43.1 (13.5) 78 10 J (voc.) 56 8 38.4 (9.9) 86 1 K (voc.) 56 8 48.4 (10.3) 86 5 L (voc.) 56 8 51.3 (8.6) 86 5 M (prim.) 56 8 36.2 (9.4) 80 10 N (prim.) 30 6 35.8 (4.9) 83 10 Note. Voc. = vocational education, sec. = secondary education, prim. = primary education. 5.3.4. Measurements 5.3.4.1. Distributed leadership practices within teacher teams To answer our research question on the link between distributed leadership practices within teacher teams and their sociocultural context, we first need to indicate the degree of distributed leadership within teams. In a previous study, we measured distributed leadership practices in the same teacher teams that are included in the current paper (De Jong et al., 2022). Within this previous study, we followed earlier studies (e.g., Moolenaar et al., 2011; Pitts & Spillane, 2009) in using an ‘advice network’-question, namely: To whom do you turn for advice on working with the program?, in order to measure distributed leadership practices. Respondents, namely teachers and their school principal, answered this question for all team members. This resulted in a data matrix describing who turns to whom. These data were analyzed by a coherent combination of three social network measures: Density, reciprocity, and indegree centrality. These measures together were used to determine the degree of distributed leadership of each teacher team and resulted in a relative order of the included teacher teams, from higher to lower distributed leadership practices. Teacher teams with relatively high scores on
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