163 Conclusions 6 present and ultimate aims to engage in anticipatory governance. Figure 6.1 is repeated below from chapter 2 to visually present the four approaches mapped onto an axis with the conceptions of the future (horizontal axis) and the implications for actions in the present (vertical axis). Figure 6.1. The analytical framework on anticipatory governance These four narratives (see figure 6.1) are subsequently used as heuristics to examine how the approaches identified in the literature relate to practice. The empirical research relies on the triangulation of qualitatively analyzing academic articles, policy documents, reports, interviews, a workshop, and focus groups. First, I considered it important to identify who steers in anticipatory governance. Much of the anticipation processes analyzed are developed by research institutes and research and development organizations funded by (donor) governmental organizations to realize sustainability transformations in the Global South (chapters 3, 4, 5). Examples include AMMA-2050 and AgriTerra (chapters 3 and 5). Sometimes, national governments invite organizations to design a foresight exercise to guide policy formulation, such as the CCAFS’ Futures Scenarios for Burkina Faso’s Livestock Policy. Later in the thesis I refer to this as a
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