23 Introduction 1 deeper understanding and avoids bias as the research object can ‘talk back’ (Flyvbjerg, 2006; Ragin, 1992). As part of case study research, data is gathered and triangulated in an open way (Yin, 2003), in a more flexible design compared to surveys and experiments to adjust to changing situations (Verschuren & Doorewaard, 2010). In this case, data and methods were triangulated, and in chapter 5 multiple researchers were involved in the interpretation of findings. The inquiry relies on multiple sources that are examined synchronously to iteratively explore and refine research findings (Kleining & Witt, 2000). Methods included in this study are literature and document reviews, snowballing, interviewing and focus groups. This means that findings are confirmed, rejected, and adapted based on new discoveries. Such replication logic is considered to create a more in-depth understanding with robust findings and advance the generalizability and validity of data (Baxter & Jack, 2008). The empirical chapters (3-5) together present a most different case study design context to analyze anticipatory governance in contexts independently of each other (Verschuren & Doorewaard, 2010). The carefully selected case study contexts provide context-dependent knowledge to generalize insight into anticipatory governance for four regions of the Global South as well as insights at the global level: insights into a global community of practice in chapter 3, comparative cross-regional insights in chapter 5 and Global North – Global South relations throughout the thesis. The breadth of anticipation processes is comparatively analysed. This is the most obvious method in the social sciences to test theoretical propositions and analyze phenomena (here anticipatory governance) as a broader trend (Hopkin, 2010). Comparison across cases allows for the interpretation of trends and explains what can be attributed to the subject or to the context. I followed a hierarchic approach to case study analysis to find explanations for similarities and differences between the cases (Verschuren & Doorewaard, 2010). In each case study contexts, the cases are first analyzed as a sequence of separate cases before analyzing the case as a whole. More information on the content of each chapter is presented in the next section. 1.6. Thesis roadmap The thesis is structured as follows. The next chapter, chapter 2, analyses how anticipatory governance is understood across a wide range of scholarly fields on three elements: a) how the future is conceived in terms of its knowability and manageability, b) what the implications are for present-day actions, and c) to what ultimate aim the future is engaged with. The literature review identifies four diverse approaches to anticipatory governance and culminates in an analytical framework to assess anticipatory governance in practice in the subsequent chapters. Chapter 3 then applies the analytical framework on anticipatory governance to examine how anticipation processes steer climate action
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTk4NDMw