111 6 The effect of AOC on clinical outcomes in preterm infants: a pre- and post- study Table 2. Clinical outcomes Pre-AOC Post-AOC P value* Died, n (%) 30 (10.2) 32 (10.8) 0.81 Culture proven sepsis, n (%) 96 (32.8) 121 (41.0) 0.038 Necrotising enterocolitis (> stage 2A), n (%) 25 (8.5) 27 (9.2) 0.79 Retinopathy of prematurity none, (%) 225 (90.0) 226 (90.0) 0.14 ETROP 1, n (%) 16 (6.4) 22 (8.8) ETROP 2, n (%) 9 (3.6) 3 (1.2) Received laser coagulation, n (%) 13 (5.2) 14 (5.6) 0.84 Intraventricular haemorrhage (≥ stage 2), n (%) 55 (18.8) 50 (16.9) 0.56 Periventricular leukomalacia (≥ stage 2), n (%) 4 (1.4) 6 (2.0) 0.75 Days in NICU, mean (SD) 32.1 (25.6) 35.1 (27.2) 0.18 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 0.10 severe, n (%) 36 (14.0) 48 (18.6) moderate, n (%) 12 (4.7) 4 (1.6) mild, n (%) 45 (17.4) 38 (14.7) Necrotising enterocolitis according to modified Bell staging criteria; ETROP, early treatment of retinopathy of prematurity; Intraventricular haemorrhage according to Papile’s classification; Days on NICU until transfer to peripheral hospital or discharge; Bronchopulmonary dysplasia classification according to Dutch paediatric guidelines. *Statistical analysis with independent T-test, chi-square, Fisher’s exact, or nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test as appropriate Respiratory therapy Use of a minimally invasive technique for surfactant administration was more prevalent in the post-implementation cohort (table 3). In the post-implementation cohort, the duration of non-invasive mechanical support was longer (CPAP: 10.8 ±11.7 vs 13.9 ±15.2; HFNC: 2.3 ±5.4 vs 5.8 ±8.1), whereas the duration of invasive mechanical ventilationwas shorter (6.4 ±10.1 vs 4.7 ±8.3). More supplemental oxygen was given in the post-implementation cohort (8.0 ±13.5 vs 11.3 ±16.9). Otherwise both groups received similar respiratory therapy, including a similar average inspired oxygen while on respiratory support (first week: 25.2% ±10.2% vs 24.8% ±8.8%; entire stay: 25.7% ±9.8 vs 25.7% ±9.1).
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