Long-term magnesium supplementation improves glucocorticoid metabolism 101 5 Table 3. Magnesium and cortisol and cortisone measurements at baseline and after a 24-wk magnesium or placebo treatment. Magnesium group (n = 25) Placebo group (n = 24) Treatment effect Baselinea 24 weeksa Baselinea 24 weeksa Adjusted effect estimateb, c P-value Magnesium parameters Serum magnesium, mmol/L 0.85 ± 0.05 0.87 ± 0.04 0.85 ± 0.05 0.85 ± 0.05 0.01 (-0.01; 0.04) 0.170 Urinary magnesium, mmol/24-h 4.70 ± 1.16 6.46 ± 1.16 4.30 ± 1.46 4.24 ± 2.10 2.22 (1.38; 3.07) <0.001 24-h urinary cortisol and cortisone excretions Cortisol, nmol/24-h 204 ± 64 188 ± 46 226 ± 110 220 ± 88 -32 (-59; -5) 0.021 THF, μmol/24-h 5.5 ± 1.8 4.7 ± 1.3 5.2 ± 2.4 5.1 ± 2.0 -0.5 (-1.2; 0.3) 0.231 allo-THF, μmol/24-h 3.2 ± 1.9 2.9 ± 1.6 3.3 ± 1.9 3.4 ± 2.1 -0.5 (-1.1; -0.0) 0.065 Cortisone, nmol/24-h 272 ± 91 271 ± 83 285 ± 112 272 ± 102 -1 (-38; 35) 0.949 THE, μmol/24-h 10.2 ± 4.1 9.7 ± 3.9 9.9 ± 4.3 9.8 ± 4.7 -0.2 (-1.9; 1.6) 0.861 Total production, μmol/24-h 19.4 ± 6.4 17.7 ± 5.6 19.0 ± 7.6 18.9 ± 8.2 -1.2 (-4.0; 1.7) 0.420 Index for 11β-HSDs Cortisol/cortisone, nmol/nmol 0.78 ± 0.17 0.71 ± 0.15 0.80 ± 0.17 0.82 ± 0.15 -0.10 (-0.17; -0.03) 0.005 THFs/THE, μmol/μmol 0.90 ± 0.27 0.84 ± 0.22 0.94 ± 0.32 0.93 ± 0.32 -0.09 (-0.17; -0.02) 0.018 Index for A-ring reductases THF/allo-THF, μmol/μmol 4.1 ± 9.1 3.5 ± 5.9 4.2 ± 12.4 3.7 ± 9.8 -0.21 (-0.80; 0.38) 0.280 allo-THF/cortisol, μmol/μmol 15.8 ± 8.3 16.0 ± 8.8 16.2 ± 7.1 15.0 ± 6.7 1.00 (-1.22; 3.21) 0.371 THF/cortisol, μmol/μmol 28.1 ± 8.0 25.7± 6.5 24.8 ± 10.1 24.2 ± 7.0 1.48 (-0.91; 3.87) 0.204 THE/cortisone, μmol/μmol 39.5 ± 14.3 37.0 ± 15.5 36.0 ± 12.7 37.9 ± 15.9 -0.8 (-7.0 5.3) 0.781 Urine volume, mL 1377 ± 505 1480 ± 517 1565 ± 486 1269 ± 481 212 (-0; 423) 0.050 aValues are means ± Standard Deviations. bValues are adjusted mean estimates (95% Confidence Intervals) obtained from a one-way ANCOVA with baseline value of the dependent variable as covariate. cModels were additionally adjusted for sex. Abbreviations: 11β-HSDs, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases; THF, tetrahydrocortisol; allo-THF, allo-tetrahydrocortisol; THE, tetrahydrocortisone.
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