Effects of magnesium citrate, magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate on arterial stiffness 115 6 randomization procedure. For this, a categorical list in logical order was created. The list included one intervention for each participant. Based on a computer-generated list of random numbers, subjects were randomized into one of the groups 15. Participants took two capsules thrice daily for 24-wks. On the test days (at baseline, at 2-wk, 12-wk, and 24-wk), the first two capsules were taken after all measurements were completed. Each magnesium supplement provided 75 mg of magnesium [Magnesium Citrate Complex (Mg 15.5%), Magnesium Oxide Complex (Mg 60.3%), Magnesium Sulfate Complex (Mg 17.4%)]. Thus, the total daily dose of magnesium was 450 mg, which is higher than in our previous study (350 mg/d) 10. The placebo capsules contained starch (Amylum solani). The total treatment duration was based on the previous study 10. Dietary intake Subjects were instructed not to change their food intake pattern or alcohol use during the entire study. In order to address potential changes in the food intake pattern and use of alcohol, participants completed a 3-day food diary at baseline and at the end of the study using standard supply units. All diaries were checked for completeness by the investigator and were calculated by a research dietician using the software program EvryDietist, version 7.3.5.0 (Evry BV). This software uses the Dutch Food Composition Database 2016 to calculate energy and nutrient intake. Blood and urine collection Participants collected 24-h urine samples prior to each test day. They were instructed to discard the first morning urine sample and to collect all urine for the following 24 hours, including the next morning urine. Furthermore, participants were requested to not consume any foods or drinks (except for water) 8 hours before the study visit. Fasting blood sampleswere drawn at each test day from the forearmvein byvenipuncture.Plasma and urine concentrations of magnesium, calcium, potassium, sodium, and creatinine were determined photometrically on a Cobas 8000 platform (Roche, Mannheim, Germany). Sodium and potassium concentrations were measured with indirect ionselective electrode method, magnesium with the xylidyl blue colorimetric assay, and creatinine with an enzymatic assay. Plasma glucose concentrations were measured on a Cobas 8000 platform (Roche, Mannheim, Germany) using a hexokinase UV test and HbA1c concentrations were measured on a Tosoh G8 (HPLC, Sysmex Corporation, Norderstedt, Germany). Plasma calcium was adjusted for albumin concentration using the following formula: Calciumadj = plasma calcium (mmol/L) + 0.02 × (40 - plasma albumin (g/L) 20. Total and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were measured on a Cobas
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