Chapter 6 122 Magnesium vs Placebo Treatment with magnesium citrate did not have a significant effect on c-fPWV and AI@ HR75 at any timepoint during the trial, compared with placebo (Table 2). There were also no significant effects of magnesium citrate supplementation on blood pressure or heart rate (Table 3). Magnesium citrate treatment significantly increased plasma and 24-h urinary concentrations of magnesium compared with placebo at all timepoints (Table 4). In addition, participants in the magnesium citrate group showed higher plasma phosphate and higher 24-h urinary excretions of potassium and calcium; no effects on body composition were found (Supplemental Table 2-4). Dietary and alcohol intake according to the food diaries did not change during the study period (Supplemental Table 5). Excluding non-compliant subjects as well as subjects on antihypertensive and/ or lipid-lowering drugs did not materially change the results (data not shown). When compared to placebo, effects of treatment with magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate on c-fPWV, AI@HR75 and blood pressure were also non-significant (Table 2-4). Participants in the magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate showed, similar to participants in the magnesium citrate group, higher 24-h urinary calcium, potassium and sodium during the treatment period when compared to placebo (Supplemental Table 3). Table 2. Effects of magnesium citrate, magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate (vs placebo) on vascular function markers. Magnesium citrate (n=46) Magnesium oxide (n =46) Magnesium sulfate (n =46) Placebo (n =26) c-fPWV 2-wk Mean, m/s 9.1 ± 1.9 8.5 ± 1.4 8.4 ± 1.4 8.4 ± 1.9 Difference vs placebo 0.2 (-0.5; 0.8) 0.2 (-0.4; 0.9) -0.2 (-0.9; 0.4) . . 12-wk Mean, m/s 9.0 ± 1.9 8.5 ± 1.2 8.7 ± 1.7 8.5 ± 1.5 Difference vs placebo 0.0 (-0.6; 0.7) -0.0 (-0.7; 0.6) -0.0 (-0.7; 0.6) . . 24-wk Mean, m/s 9.0 ± 1.6 8.4 ± 1.6 8.3 ± 1.4 8.5 ± 2.3 Difference vs placebo -0.0 (-0.7; 0.6) -0.0 (-0.6; 0.6) -0.3 (-1.0; 0.3) . . AI@HR75 2-wk Mean, % 25.0 ± 8.5 21.7 ± 8.6 23.4 ± 8.5 22.9 ± 10.8 Difference vs placebo -1.1 (-3.4; 1.2) -0.6 (-3.0; 1.8) -0.3 (-0.6; 2.0) . .
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