Lower plasma magnesium, measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, is associated with increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in women: Results from a Dutch prospective cohort study 33 2 Table 2. Baseline characteristics of the PREVEND study population. Tertiles of NMR-measured Mg, mmol/L P trend 1 (< 0.73) 2 (0.73-0.77) 3 (> 0.77) Participants, n 1919 1900 1928 - Age, y 52.3 ± 11.8 52.2 ± 11.7 54.4 ± 12.0 <0.001 Female, % 48.7 52.1 50.5 0.27 Race, whites, % 96.2 95.9 96.0 0.65 Body mass index, kg/m2 26.9 ± 4.3 26.5 ± 4.3 26.1 ± 3.9 <0.001 Smoking status, % <0.001 Never 25.9 29.3 30.9 Former 42.2 43.1 43.2 Current 31.9 27.6 25.9 Alcohol consumption, % 0.82 None 24.1 23.8 23.5 1-4 drinks per month 16.1 17.7 17.4 2-7 drinks per week 31.9 32.6 31.4 1-3 drinks per day 21.7 21.9 22.3 4 or more drinks per day 5.3 3.3 4.2 Education, % 0.17 Low 43.3 41.6 42.4 Middle 26.4 27.2 24.3 High 30.4 31.2 33.3 Glucose, mmol/L 4.89 ± 0.66 4.82 ± 0.65 4.81 ± 0.63 <0.001 Parental history of T2D, % 14.0 14.6 14.6 0.61 Blood pressure, mm Hg Systolic 125.7 ± 18.2 124.0 ± 17.2 126.2 ± 19.2 0.43 Diastolic 73.4 ± 9.1 72.7 ± 8.9 73.3 ± 9.1 0.87 Hypertension, yes, % 33.1 28.1 32.9 0.90 Use of antihypertensive drugs ACEi, % 6.2 5.5 5.2 0.41 ARB, % 2.1 1.5 2.0 0.36 Diuretics, % 6.0 5.3 5.4 0.59 Beta blockers, % 11.1 8.8 8.5 0.01 Total cholesterol, mmol/L 5.40 ± 1.04 5.40 ± 1.03 5.50 ± 1.03 0.004 HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L 1.23 ± 0.29 1.26 ± 0.30 1.30 ± 0.25 <0.001 Triglycerides, mmol/L 1.13 (0.83-1.66) 1.09 (0.78-1.54) 1.08 (0.79-1.55) 0.001 Triglyeride:HDL-cholesterol ratio 2.19 (1.40-3.46) 2.00 (1.33-3.18) 1.93 (1.24-3.17) <0.001 Use of lipid lowering drugs, yes, % 6.5 7.3 7.6 0.03
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