Lower plasma magnesium, measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, is associated with increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in women: Results from a Dutch prospective cohort study 35 2 Table 3. The association of NMR-measured ionized Mg with risk of developing T2D in the PREVEND study. Continuous, per 0.1 mmol/L decrease Tertiles of NMR-measured Mg, mmol/L 1 2 3 Total (n=5747) Events, n (%) 289 (5.0) 108 (5.6) 99 (5.2) 82 (4.3) Crude analysis 1.50 (1.19-1.89) 1.36 (1.02-1.82) 1.23 (1.02-1.82) 1.00 (reference) Age and sex adjusted 1.54 (1.23-1.92) 1.46 (1.09-1.94) 1.36 (1.01-1.82) 1.00 (reference) Model 1 1.27 (1.00-1.61) 1.17 (0.87-1.56) 1.19 (0.89-1.60) 1.00 (reference) Model 2 1.32 (1.04-1.67) 1.20 (0.89-1.61) 1.20 (0.89-1.62) 1.00 (reference) Model 3 1.16 (0.91-1.47) 1.09 (0.81-1.47) 1.23 (0.91-1.65) 1.00 (reference) Men (n=2848) Events, n (%) 186 (6.5) 66 (6.7) 66 (7.3) 54 (5.7) Crude analysis 1.25 (0.94-1.67) 1.21 (0.84-1.73) 1.31 (0.91-1.87) 1.00 (reference) Age adjusted 1.27 (0.96-1.69) 1.26 (0.88-1.80) 1.41 (0.98-2.02) 1.00 (reference) Model 1 1.04 (0.78-1.40) 1.01 (0.70-1.45) 1.31 (0.92-1.89) 1.00 (reference) Model 2 1.04 (0.78-1.40) 1.01 (0.70-1.45) 1.31 (0.91-1.89) 1.00 (reference) Model 3 0.90 (0.67-1.21) 0.85 (0.58-1.24) 1.26 (0.88-1.81) 1.00 (reference) Women (n=2899) Events, n (%) 103 (3.6) 42 (4.5) 33 (3.3) 28 (2.9) Crude analysis 2.02 (1.37-2.99) 1.65 (1.02-2.66) 1.15 (0.70-1.91) 1.00 (reference) Age adjusted 2.33 (1.58-3.42) 1.99 (1.23-3.22) 1.28 (0.78-2.13) 1.00 (reference) Model 1 1.66 (1.11-2.47) 1.45 (0.88-2.39) 1.13 (0.68-1.89) 1.00 (reference) Model 2 1.88 (1.26-2.79) 1.67 (1.01-2.77) 1.23 (0.73-2.08) 1.00 (reference) Model 3 1.80 (1.20-2.70) 1.72 (1.03-2.86) 1.30 (0.76-2.20) 1.00 (reference) Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were derived fromCox proportional hazards regression models. T2D, type 2 diabetes mellitus; GFR indicates glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein. Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking status, triglyceride:HDL cholesterol ratio, antihypertensive treatment, and parental history of T2D. Model 2: Model 1 and additionally adjusted for plasma levels of albumin, potassium and calcium and urinary albumin excretion. Model 3: Model 2 and additionally adjusted for CRP, fasting glucose and eGFR.
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