Magnesium and blood pressure: A physiology-based approach 87 4 was significantly decreased after magnesium administration, compared to the placebo group 61, suggesting that magnesium administration may influence the production of noradrenaline. Conclusion Emerging epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that magnesium plays a role in the physiology of BP and the pathophysiology of hypertension. Epidemiological studies suggest an inverse relationship between dietary magnesium intake and the risk of hypertension, and clinical trials have found statistically significant BP reductions, induced by magnesium supplementation. This review focused on mechanisms by which magnesium may influence BP, and revealed that the effects on vascular stiffness, vascular resistance, and circulating volume may all contribute to its BP-lowering effects. The inhibition of several vasoconstrictors, the stimulation of vasodilators in the endothelium, and the down-regulation of the Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway induced by magnesium might explain the beneficially effects of magnesium on BP. Also, magnesium might inhibit either directly or indirectly aldosterone production, causing decreased renal reabsorption of sodium and fluid. In conclusion, the beneficially effects found in previous studies might be explained by the actions of magnesium on the cardiac output and total peripheral resistance, which are the major components of BP. These findings, along with its widespread availability and good safety profile, confirm the position of magnesium as an “actionable” cardiovascular biomarker 62. Future prospective studies should explore the potential of magnesium supplementation as (adjunct) treatment to reduce downstream cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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