Chapter 2 42 Table 3. Education on end-of-life care in the Dutch medical curricula 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B M B M B M B M B M B M B M B&M Domain 1: Psychological, sociological, cultural, and spiritual aspects Suffering ○ ○ ● ○ – ○ ● – ○ ● – ● ● n/a ● Loss ○ – ○ ○ – ○ ● – ○ ○ – – – ″ ● Mourning ○ – ○ ○ – ○ ● – ○ ○ – – + ″ ● Rituals and meaning at the end of life – – ● ● – ○ – – – – ● – + ″ – Domain 2: Communication and conversational techniques Listening to the impact of disease on the patient ’s life ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ● ● ″ ● Explore hope, helplessness, and fear in depth ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ – – – – ● – ● – ″ ● Discuss loss and mourning ○ – ○ ○ ○ – ● – – ○ ● – – ″ ● Discuss spiritual considerations – – ○ – – – – – – – – ● – ″ ● Discuss advanced care planning – ○ ○ ○ ○ – ● – ● ● – ● – ″ ○ Domain 3: Pathophysiology and treatment of symptoms Pain ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ● ○ ″ ● Dyspnoea ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ – ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ″ ● Dehydration ○ ○ ○ ○ – ○ ○ ○ ○ – ○ ● ○ ″ ● Depression – ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ – ○ ● – ● ● ○ ″ ○ Delirium – ○ ○ ○ – ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ – ○ ″ ○ Fear – ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ – ○ ● – ● – ○ ″ ○ Domain 4: Juridical and ethical aspects Not starting/stopping treatment and euthanasia ○ ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ″ – Dilemmas on the treatment of pain ○ ○ ○ ● – ○ ● ● + ○ – – + ″ – Non-abandonment of the patient – ○ ○ ○ – – ● ○ ○ – ○ ○ ○ ″ – Domain 5: Self-reflection on personal and professional experiences with death and loss Personal experience with death – – ● ● – ○ ● – – ● ● – – ″ – View on the hereafter – – ○ – – – – – – – – – – ″ – Goals of medicine ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ – – ○ ○ ○ – ○ ″ ○ Role of doctors and other health workers in ELC – ○ ○ ○ – ○ ● – ○ ○ – ● – ″ ○ ● Interactive, ELC-specific education; working group, discussion group, practical sessions, + Passive, ELCspecific education; lectures, ○ Non-ELC-specific education; interwoven in courses, – No ELC-education, n/a Not available, 1 University Medical Center Utrecht, 2 VU University Medical Center, 3 University Medical Center Groningen, 4 Leiden University Medical Center, 5 Amsterdam University Medical Center, 6 Maastricht University Medical Center, 7 Erasmus University Medical Center, 8 St. Radboud University Medical Center, B bachelor, M master
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