Part I: Factors influencing professional functioning 59 of the detailed protocol was required according to the Dutch Medical Research Involving Medical Subjects Act (No. W18_369 # 18.421). Population and procedures With consent of the company’s management, information about this study was provided in the period from December 2020 to February 2022 at the companies’ intranet and in the coffee rooms of the factory workers. Also, employees who visited the occupational physician of the company for a routinely health check received information about the study. Participation was voluntary; employees who were interested in the study received an informed consent form and an online survey that could be accessed after providing consent. This survey was hosted by Castor, a highly secured, cloud-based electronic data capture platform (Castor, 2019). A reminder was sent by email to employees who did not complete the survey. Employees could participate in the study regardless of their position in the company. Eligible employees were 40 to 68 years, spoke Dutch fluently, and completed the informed consent form.The informed consent includedpermission to receive the survey, to request for theOECoutcome at VeiligheidNL, and to use the outcomes for this study. Outcome measures Need for recovery NFR was the primary outcome measure of the study, which was assessed with the NFR-scale score of the Questionnaire on the Experience and Evaluation of Work version 2.0 (QEEW2.0) (Van Veldhoven et al., 2015). This scale consists of six statements concerning the short-time effects of a day of work, such as ‘I find it hard to relax at the end of a working day’ and ‘When I get home, people should leave me alone for some time’. All statements have four response options, respectively ‘always’, ‘often’, ‘sometimes’, and ‘never’. The sum score of the scale can be converted to a scale score ranging from 0 to 100. A higher score indicates higher NFR. Listening effort LEwas the secondary outcome of the study, which was assessed with the Amsterdam Checklist for Hearing and Work (ACHW). Employees were asked how much effort
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