Chapter 5 120 Table 1. Key demographic and clinical characteristics Dementia (a) MCI (b) NoCI (c) Total Referred Statistic difference p<0.001 Variable / n 84 153 456 693 Age (SD) range 77.3 (7,5) 59-94 73.9 (8.0) 53-93 71.3 (7.3) 58-92 72.5 (7.8) 53-94 a>b>c Education <12 (%) 52 53 43 47 No sig. Sex F (%) 63 57 63 62 No sig. GAF (SD) 52 (10.2) 57 (12.8) 52 (12.4) 53.3 (12.3) a,c<b range 30-80 20-90 20-95 20-95 GDS15 (SD) 6.6 (4.9) 7.7 (4.7) 8.6 (4,3) 8.4 (4.3) No sig. range 0-15 0-14 0-15 0-15F MoCA (SD) 16.5 (4.0) 20.9 (3.8) 23.5 (4.2) 22.1 (4.7) a<b<c range 5-26 3-28 3-30 3-30 Groups a,b and c were compared with ANOVA, education and sex were compared with a Chi2 test. MCI: Mild Cognitive Impairment; NoCI: No Cognitive Impairment; GAF: Global Assessment of Functioning; GDS15: Geriatric Depression Scale 15 question version; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment. 5.2.3 Statistical Analyses The demographic results (table 1) were compared within the patients with MD, MCI or NoCI using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 22; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL); Chi2 test to compare sex and education. ANOVA was used to compare age, GAF, GDS15, and MoCA scores followed by a least significant difference (LSD) post hoc test. The previously reported area under the curve (AUC) calculations using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to find the best cut-off scores (Dautzenberg et al., 2020, 2021) for both settings (table 2). We reported the false positives (FPs), false negatives (FNs), true positives (TPs) and true negatives (TNs) of the different selection strategies to judge the clinical effects (figure 1). The positive predictive value (PPV =TP/(TP+FP)), negative predictive value (NPV =TN/ (TN+FN)) and accuracy (ACC=(TP+TN)/(TP+TN+FP+FN)) were calculated (table 3). However, with these indicators, it is impossible to weigh the FN and FP rates separately, which is a disadvantage, and absolute quantities can provide more insight when diagnostic routes are compared (Glas et al., 2003). Therefore, we also expressed the results of the selection strategies in absolute numbers (figure 1, table 3 and 4) of patients who were to
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