70 Chapter 3 Table 1: Participants’ characteristics (continued) Number of controls, n (%) All 3893 (100%) Men 1667 (43%) Women 2226 (57%) Obesity, n (%) 345 (9%) 139 (8%) 206 (9%) Diabetes mellitus, n (%) 102 (3%) 57 (3%) 45 (2%) Antilipaemics, n (%) 164 (4%) 76 (5%) 88 (4%) Laboratory findings eGFR- CKD EPI formula (ml/min), median (range) 97 (24-146) 99 (25-146) 95 (24-137) Presence of microalbuminuria**, n (%) 162/3879 (4%) 69/1660 (4%) 93/2219 (4%) † cardiovascular risk factors were for FD patients assessed at first outpatient clinic visit: - Obesity: Body Mass Index ≥ 30 kg/m2 - Smoking: ever smoked - Hypertension: antihypertensive medication use or systolic blood pressure of >140 mmHg and/ or diastolic blood pressure of >90 mmHg, measured at least twice - Dyslipidemia: elevated levels of total cholesterol (>6.5 mmol/l) or low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (>2.5 mmol/l) or triglycerides (>3.0 mmol/l) , or low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (men: <1.0 mmol/l, women <1.2 mmol/l), or medication prescribed for the indication dyslipidemia - Diabetes mellitus: type I or type II if reported by a medical doctor in the medical chart or when the patient is using anti-diabetic medication. * The prevalence of smoking and hypertension in the control group was higher than in FD patients. ** Microalbuminuria in FD patients was defined as ≥ 30 mg albuminuria in the collected 24 hours urine sample. In controls, microalbuminuria was defined as ≥ 20 mg/l albumin in a urine portion. ECG parameters The reported conduction times—P-wave duration, PR-interval, and QRSduration—represent structural modifications to the conduction system. Repolarisation problems are characterized by the QTc and frontal T-axis. Additionally, the Cornell index and frontal QRS-axis are indicative of anatomical alterations in the LV myocardium. Lastly, The relationship between myocardial depolarisation and repolarisation is well depicted by the spatial QRS-T angle. The modelled increment of each ECG parameter per 10 years was not different between the ERT treated patient group (N=106) and the complete study cohort, which included 27 untreated patients (N=133) (see supplemental table 1C-D). Thus, excluding the untreated patients did not alter the observed changes in the ECG parameters. For this reason, we re-port further results for the complete study cohort only. The results of the GLM are presented in tables 2A-2B and supplemental tables 1. Figures 1-2 display the modelled course of each ECG parameter, while raw longitudinal ECG data are presented in supplemental figures 2-5. Boxplots and the descriptive statistics of the absolute values of ECG parameters per age decade are displayed in figure 3-4 and supplemental table 2, respectively.
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