Chapter 6 160 observed when comparing dd-EV concentrations between the control samples and biopsies indicative for ATN (N=2), Presumed Rejection (N=3), or Biopsy Proven Acute Rejection (BPAR – 3x aABMR and 3x aTCMR2a) , demonstrating that dd-EVs were unable to discriminate between the type of complication (Figure 4D). Figure 4 – Detection of dd-EVs after transplantation. A) Analysis of the concentrations of CD9+HLA-A3+ events before and 2-4 days after kidney transplantation revealed a significant increase after transplantation. B) longitudinal analysis of dd-EV concentrations in KTR blood samples subdivided into either 1) the control group (representing all samples from patients whom did not experience any complications after transplantation) or 2) the biopted group (encompassing all samples from patients whom underwent a biopsy), showing that ddEVs are detectable above baseline (before transplantation) only in patients whom did not experience complications after transplantation. C) Representative CD9 vs HLA-A3 scatter plots of PPP samples taken 6 months after KTx from an individual in the control (left) and biopted (right) group. D) dd-EV concentrations as detected in ‘for-cause’ biopsy samples compared to time-matched control samples.
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