Chapter 7 178 donor tissue-derived EVs in plasma samples of kidney transplant recipients. In this ‘needle-in-a-haystack’ scenario, we demonstrate that our IFCM methodology is able to 1) differentiate between donor- and recipient-derived EVs on the basis of HLA phenotype differences, 2) detect donor-derived EVs down to ~1% above pretransplantation background levels, and 3) detect donor-derived EVs above pretransplantation background levels in individuals with stable allograft function, but not in individuals with allograft dysfunction. In conclusion, this chapter demonstrates the applicability of our calibrated IFCM-based methodology in the direct detection of tissue-specific EV subsets in clinical samples. In chapter 8, the findings and implications of the research described in chapters 2-6 are discussed, conclusions are drawn, and recommendations for future research are made.
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