100 Chapter 5 Placebo Testosterone start 2 4 6 8 end start 2 4 6 8 end 40 60 80 Time in minutes Subjective fear (in subjective units of distress − SUD) High avoidance Low avoidance Pre-treatment avoidance * Figure 5.1 Illustration of the interaction effect between pre-treatment avoidance and testosterone (vs placebo) enhanced fear-reduction in session 1. The panels show the model based predicted values of the AAT-effect score x Time x Group (testosterone, placebo). The left panel shows the simple slopes of time for the placebo group and the right panel for the testosterone group. The separate lines reflect high (orange) and low (blue) levels of automatic avoidance (note that high and low avoidance groups were only created for display purposes). In the testosterone group we see a significant interaction of automatic avoidance and time (p = .047). Specifically, we see steeper reduction in fear levels for high levels of automatic avoidance of facial expressions compared to lower levels of avoidance. In contrast, in the placebo group relatively low and high avoidance levels are associated with similar patterns of fear reduction (p = .466). Note that there was no relation between avoidance level and the start SUD, not for the placebo group (r = .30, p = .17); nor for the testosterone group (r = .-13, p = .51). Social anxiety symptoms We did not observe a three-way interaction effect of AAT effect score x Time (Pre/Post/Follow-up) x Group, on social anxiety symptoms (pre-post-follow-up) or two-way interaction between AAT effect score and time (all p > .084). The inclusion of baseline testosterone as a control variable did not change the results (see Chapter 5 – Appendix for details of analysis).
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