41 Neuroendocrinological aspects of social anxiety and aggression related disorders Finally, increasing evidence suggests that the effects of testosterone, cortisol, and oxytocin on social motivational behavior are modulated by individual differences and social context. For example, the effects of testosterone and oxytocin on social motivational behavior in healthy individuals were modulated by social anxiety scores (Enter et al., 2014; Radke et al., 2013). Future research should address these influences in order to optimize indications for potential hormonal interventions. Conclusion Steroid hormones, like cortisol and testosterone, and neuropeptides such as oxytocin, play a role in the regulation of social motivational behavior. Both social anxiety and aggression-related disorders show an imbalance in these steroid hormones. Given the important interaction between steroid hormones and the main motivational systems in healthy individuals as well as individuals with social psychopathologies, future studies should explore the potential role of hormones in enhancing therapy efficacy. 2
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