73 Innovative 3D models for understanding mechanisms underlying lung diseases: powerful tools for translational research KEY TERMS Click chemistry: Fast, simple, and high-yielding reactions used for joining molecular entities through a simple action like snapping things together Cross-linked/ing: Formation of bonds between two molecular chains to link them together Cryopreservation: Storing of cells, tissues or organs through freezing in protective substances that enable the frozen object to be retrieved in a living state Decellularised/Decellularisation: Removal of cells and cellular content from any given tissue or organ Elastic modulus/Stiffness: Measure of mechanical properties that defines the compressive elastic deformation of materials Extracellular matrix (ECM): A bioactive and dynamic 3 dimensional network composed of proteins, glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans. It provides structure and support to the cells, being present in all tissues and organs Feeder (layer): A layer of cells which do not grow themselves but provide support for other cells Lyophilisation: Removal of frozen water from frozen tissues or organs under vacuum conditions Microenvironment: The local environment surrounding a cell, composed of the ECM, other cells, and factors that dynamically interact with one another to affect the cell directly or indirectly. Pluripotent stem cells: Cells that have the capacity to self-renew and are able to differentiate into all different types of cells in the body Remodelling: Series of changes in the content and organization of the components (of the extracellular matrix) Resident progenitor cells: self-renewing cells resident in a tissue that are activated during injury to participate in the repair process through differentiating to tissuespecific cell types Thermosensitive: Responsive to changes in temperature Viscoelastic (stress) relaxation: Measure of the decrease in the accumulated load (stress) in the structure through both viscous (fluid) and elastic (solid) manners 4
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