4 CHAPTER 4 82 Table 1 Characteristics of control and migraine patient cohort Participants Characteristics MA (n = 97) IQR MO (n = 97) IQR Control (n = 94) IQR P-value MaMoCo General characteristics Sex, female (n, %) 63 (64.9) 59 (60.8) 54 (57.4) 0.567a BMI 23.9 22.0-25.8 23.8 21.9-25.4 23.5 21.5 - 25.3 0.433b Age 40 29-52 42 32-53 39.0 26.0 - 51.0 0.262c Alcohol use (n, %) 78 (80.4) 67 (69.1) 77 (81.9) 0.068a Units alcohol per week# 4 1.7-7 2.8 1.0-5.1 5.0 1.4 - 8.0 0.009c Smoking (n, %) 13 (13.4) 13 (13.4) 20 (21.3) 0.231a Cigarettes per day# 4 1.5-15 6.5 2.5-10 6.0 2.8 - 10.5 0.693c Migraine characteristics Migraine days (days/month) 1.5 1.0-3.0 2.0 1.0-3.5 NA NA 0.017d Depression/Anxiety characteristics Lifetime depression (n, %) 32.0 (33.0) 26.0 (26.8) 17.0 (27.4) 0.424a Total HADS score 8.0 5.0-13.0 8.0 4.0-11.3 4.0 2.0 - 7.0 <0.001c HADS Anxiety 5.0 3.0-8.0 4.0 2.0-7.25 2.0 1.0-4.5 <0.001c HADS Depression 3.0 1.0-5.0 3.0 1.0-3.0 1.0 0.0-3.0 <0.001c CES-D score 10.5 5.0-17.3 8.0 4.0-12.0 3.5 1.0-7.8 <0.001c Drugs related characteristics Drug use, (n, %) 4 (4) 4 (4) 9 (10) 0.188a Soft drugs 2 (2) 4 (4) 8 (9) 0.125e Hard drugs 2 (2) 0 1 (1) 0.535e Drug use per month# 1.5 0.6-3.4 31.5 5.5-73.0 3 0.5 - 8.0 0.299c LP-related characteristics Pain during the LP (VAS) 3.0 2.0-6.0 3 1.0-5.0 2.0 1.0 - 4.8 0.056c Stress during the LP (VAS) 3.0 1.0-5.0 2.0 0.0-4.0 2.0 0.0 - 3.8 0.024c IQR = inter quartile range; MA = migraine with aura, MO = migraine without aura, LP = lumbar puncture; BMI = body mass index; VAS = visual analogue scale. Values are expressed as absolute values and percentage or median and IQR. P-values ≤ 0.05 are marked in bold. a Chi-squared Test, b One way Anova, c Kruskal-Wallis test, d MannWhitney U test, e Fisher’s Exact Test, #Only users (alcohol/smokers/drugs) are used for number per day/week/month. Missing values in: units alcohol per week (cases n = 6 (3 MA and 3 MO), controls n = 0), migraine days (cases n = 7 (5 MA and 2 MO), lifetime depression (cases n = 13 (8 MA and 5 MO), controls n = 32), HADS scores (cases n = 2 (1 MA and 1 MO), controls n = 7) CES-D score (cases = 16 (9 MA and 7 MO), controls = 32) , and Drug use (cases n = 1 (1 MA), controls n = 0).
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