128 Chapter 4 Figure 6. Volcano plots of 33 plasma immune factors after severe burn injury. Soluble mediators were analyzed in plasma of burn patients and healthy controls by Luminex immunoassay: MCP-1 (CCL2), MIP-1α (CCL3), MIP-1β (CCL4), MIP-3α (CCL20), GRO-α (CXCL1), IP-10 (CXCL10), IFN-α2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, CTACK (CCL27), RANTES (CCL5), IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 (CXCL8), IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A (CTLA-8), IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, and IL-33 (NF-HEV). Differences between burn and healthy group were expressed as (Log2) fold change of healthy group (n = 13) on the x-axis and the (-Log10) p value on the y-axis of various time intervals after burn. (A) PBD 0 to 3 (n = 10 patients). (B) PBD 4 to 7 (n = 14 patients). (C) PBD 8 to 11 (n = 13 patients). (D) PBD 12 to 21 (n = 15 patients). (E) PBD 22-28 (n = 13 patients). (F) PBD 39 to 48 (n = 8 patients). Because of multiple testing, we considered a p value of < 0.01 to be significant. Black dashed line shows p = 0.01, gray dashed line shows p = 0.001, green dots indicate non-significant changes and red dots show significant changes. (G) Heatmap of significant (p < 0.01) fold changes compared to healthy controls (Log2 fold). Fold changes are shown in gray (not significant), red (increase) or blue (decrease). Next, we correlated immune cell subset numbers to the fold changes of soluble mediators by Pearson’s correlation coefficient test and visualized the significant (p < 0.05) correlations in a heatmap (Figure 7). In the first week after injury, the most pronounced positive correlations were found between mature neutrophils and IL-1β,
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