13 General Introduction Table 1. Continued. Category Mediator Source Function Cytokines IL-1(α/β) Endothelial cells, keratinocytes, neutrophils, others Pro-inflammatory, DAMP, stimulates cell extravasation, T cell activation IL-2 T cells Th1 T cell response, T cell growth factor, activates immune cells IL-4 T cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells Anti-inflammatory, Th2 T cell response, regulate allergic responses IL-6 Macrophages, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, others Pro-/anti-inflammatory, regulates acute phase proteins, stress response IL-10 T cells, B cells, mast cells, macrophages Anti-inflammatory, downregulation of cells IL-12 (p40/p70) Macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, others Pro-inflammatory, Th1 T cell response, NK cell activation IL-17 (A/F) T cells Pro-inflammatory, Th17 T cell response, activates cells IL-18 Liver, other organs Pro-inflammatory, Th1 T cell response, immune regulation IL-33 Endothelial cells, epithelial cells Pro-inflammatory, induces production of type 2 cytokines, homeostasis IFN-γ T cells, NK cells, macrophages Activation of immune cells, antiviral activity TNF-α Neutrophils, lymphocytes, endothelial cells, mast cells Pro-inflammatory, neutrophil activation 1
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