32 Chapter 2 leukocyte, monocyte, and thrombocyte counts increased during the first week, whereas lymphocyte numbers decreased. Figure 4. Longitudinal analyses of blood immune cell counts after burn injury. Longitudinal meta-analysis of blood cell counts: (A) leukocytes, (B) neutrophils, (C) monocytes, (D) thrombocytes, (E) lymphocytes, (F) B cells, and (G) T cells. (H) Meta-regression with immediate effect (intercept) and linear coefficient of time after burn (PBD 0 until PBD 21). Results are shown as SMD of immune cell counts in blood from burn-injured animals compared with immune cell counts in blood from uninjured animals (baseline or control group) ± CI95%. The I 2 statistic, number of studies, and the total number of animals used in the burn group for each interval are shown below the graphs. Bonferroni-corrected P-values of significant differences between time intervals are given in the graphs. CI95%, 95% confidence interval; PBD, post burn day; SMD, standardized mean difference. Direct innate response in wound is accompanied by altered functions Longitudinal analyses were performed on cell counts in wound tissue as well as on cell function (Figure 5) and revealed an instant increase in leukocyte migratory activity on PBDs 0‒4 and an increase in wound leukocyte numbers on PBDs 0‒1 and 5‒9 (Figure 5A,B). Mast cell numbers showed a decrease around PBDs 2‒4 and a subsequent increase from PBD 10 until PBD 21 (Figure 5C). On the other hand, neutrophil numbers increased instantly and remained elevated until at least PBD 14 (Figure 5D). Although the production of ROS by neutrophils was not significantly altered by burn injury, we did detect an increase in inflammatory mediator secretion by neutrophils on PBDs 0‒1
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