71 individual transilience in the face of the covid-19 pandemic the closure of restaurants and bars. However, these measures did not reach the same level of restrictiveness as in Italy (Bastoni et al., 2021; Masotti et al., 2022). We expect that people perceived transilience in the face of COVID-19 and that higher transilience promotes adaptive responses, despite variations in the seriousness, severity, and acuteness of the pandemic, and despite different policy responses across different countries and time periods. As such, we propose that the relationship between transilience and relevant outcome variables will uphold even when levels of transilience and the other variables of interest differ across countries and time points. Furthermore, studies so far have assessed the relationship between transilience and adaptation behaviour and well-being cross-sectionally (see Lozano Nasi et al., 2023a; 2023b). Extending this research, we aim to study these relationships across multiple time points to get a better insight into the causal relationship between transilience and adaptation behaviours and well-being. More precisely, we expect that transilience in the face of COVID-19 at a given time can predict relevant outcomes also later in time, reflecting that transilience can potentially play a causal role in predicting adaptive responses and mental health in the face of adversity. An important question related to the generalizability of transilience is whether perceiving a strong capacity to adapt in one domain, such as COVID-19, is associated with a higher perceived adaptive capacity and intention to adapt in another domain, such as climate change. Some studies suggest that the confrontation with COVID-19 has made people more concerned about the risks of climate change (Ekinci & van Lange, 2023). The question remains whether transilience experienced in the face of COVID-19 might also make it more likely that people perceive a stronger ability and intention to adapt to climate change. This could suggest that higher perceived adaptive capacity (i.e., transilience) in one domain may enhance the perceived adaptive capacity across different adversities. We aim to explore this in the current paper. The Present Research Our aim is to examine whether transilience promotes a broad range of adaptive actions and indicators of mental health across different adversities, as well as across specific contexts and situations with varying levels of severity and acuteness of a threat. Specifically, we tested the following hypotheses: H1) People perceived transilience in the face of COVID-19 pandemic, across different countries and time points, in which the acuteness and the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic differed. 3
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