73 individual transilience in the face of the covid-19 pandemic found on the website of the Italian government for download) stating the reasons for leaving the house, along with the address of departure and destination, which could be checked by the police (Il Post, 2020). Gatherings, even in small groups or outdoors, were forbidden. All non-essential public spaces, including restaurants, hair salons, and gyms, were still shut down. We examined whether Italians perceived transilience in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, and we tested whether higher transilience is related to more adaptation behaviours, cognitive coping, positive personal change, and well-being. Method Participants and Procedure We recruited a convenience sample of the Italian adult population via social media (e.g., Facebook, WhatsApp), the network of the research team and snowball sampling. A total of 190 participants consented to participate in our study. We excluded a total of 61 participants (32%) who either did not complete the transilience scale (n = 54) or completed the survey in under 3 minutes or over 2 hours (n = 7), which we considered unlikely to yield accurate responses (median completion time = 14 minutes). Hence, after data cleaning, 129 responses were retained for analyses (30% men and 70% women; Mage = 40.00; SDage =13.40; see full overview of demographics in Supplementary Material). A post-hoc power analysis (G*Power: Faul et al., 2007) showed that we had sufficient statistical power (.97) to detect an effect of r = .30 (i.e., a medium effect). After consenting, participants answered a series of questions about the COVID-19 pandemic in Italian, including questions on perceived transilience and their adaptive responses. Measures Measures were assessed on a seven-point Likert-scale, ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree, unless otherwise specified. See Table 3.1 for descriptive statistics and reliability coefficients. Appendix B provides an overview of all items.18 Transilience in the Face of COVID-19. We adapted the validated climate change transilience scale (Lozano Nasi et al., 2023a, 2023b), to the COVID-19 adversity. Specifically, before listing the 12 transilience items, we stated: ‘The following questions are about how you think that being confronted with the risks of COVID-19 in Italy 18 Both studies were part of a larger project and also included measures of risk perception (all studies), number of known people who were infected with COVID-19 (all studies), emotions towards COVID-19 (all studies), common fate (all studies), entitativity (study 1 and study 2, time 2), efficacy beliefs (all studies), injunctive social norms (all studies), opinion about the national social norms (study 1 and study 2, time 2), trust in national institutions (all studies), perceived responsibility for limiting the spread of COVID-19 (all studies), identification with the local community, with people affected by COVID-19, with their national country and with people in the world (all studies), opinion about future measures to protect the population against COVID-19 (study 1 and study 2, time 2); perception of climate change risks (study 1 and study 2, time 2); and political orientation (study 1; study 2, time 1). These measures are not relevant for the purposes of the present manuscript and are therefore not discussed. 3
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