99 collective transilience in the face of climate change themselves) can persist, adapt flexibly, and positively transform in the face of climate change risks (cf. Bandura, 2000). It follows that community-based adaptation, which implies that people act for and within the interest of their community, is more likely when collective transilience is high, as individual transilience may not be sufficient to promote adaptation at the community level (cf. Chen, 2015; cf. Van Zomeren et al., 2008, 2010). Our proposal is in line with the compatibility principle (Ajzen, 2020), which states that constructs are more strongly related when they are assessed at the same level of specificity. Yet, collective transilience might also predict individual adaptive actions, as these may contribute to protecting one’s community in some cases (e.g., greening one’s own backyard can help protect the neighbourhood from heatwaves and flooding; Lennon et al., 2015). Perceptions of collective efficacy, namely the perceived ability of a community to achieve specific goals (Bandura, 1998), have been found to promote communitybased adaptation behaviours. For example, people report stronger intentions to address drinking water scarcity when they believe their community can ensure an adequate drinking water supply (Thaker et al., 2016). We aim to expand upon previous studies by investigating whether collective transilience, which captures the perceived adaptive capacity of the community beyond the pursuit of specific goals, and that comprises of flexibility and the possibility of positive change, can predict different types of community-based adaptive actions across different contexts (i.e., can be a ‘general antecedent’ of community-based adaptation; cf. Van Valkengoed et al., 2022). It remains an empirical question whether people can perceive collective transilience and whether such general perceived adaptive capacity can translate into concrete actions and intentions. We expect that the more strongly people perceive collective transilience, the more likely they are to engage in different types of communitybased adaptive actions (Hypothesis 1). Furthermore, in line with the compatibility principle (Ajzen, 2020), we expect collective transilience to be more strongly related to community-based adaptation behaviours (compared to individual transilience), and individual transilience to be more strongly related to individual adaptation behaviours (compared to collective transilience; Hypothesis 2). Next, although both collective and individual transilience may reflect the perceived capacity to adapt to climate change, we expect that collective transilience is uniquely related to community-based adaptive action when controlling for individual transilience (Hypothesis 3). The Present Research We conducted two studies to test our reasoning. In Study 1, a correlational study among a US sample, we examined whether people perceive collective transilience. We also examined whether they (intend to) engage in community-based adaptation behaviours that aim to protect the local community they live in. Next, we tested whether higher 4
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