Human Centered Design in Health Research 105 5 HCD evolved from the collaborative design movement and covers a range of overlapping collaborative processes and techniques such as, and not limited to participatory design, ethnography, co-creation, contextual design, co-design, and empathic design. These processes share several principles: the active involvement of users; an iterative design process and the organisation of multidisciplinary teamwork.[15]–[17] The term HCD, as a collaborative multi-method approach, is often used interchangeably with terms as ‘design thinking’ (DT) or ‘user-centred design’ (UCD) due to their similar design philosophies. DT is an approach that prioritizes developing empathy for users, working in collaborative multidisciplinary teams and using an iterative process with ‘rapid prototyping’ techniques for potential solutions.[18] Similarly, UCD, while deeply rooted in human computer interaction, is described as both a philosophy and a set of methods in which end-users actively influence and are involved in the design process.[13] As these principles are akin to those of HCD, this review includes both DT and UCD as variations that apply HCD principles to further explore their similarities and differences. In this review, we systematically explored the following question: how is HCD, and the closely related approaches of DT and UCD, applied for the development of innovations in health research? We specifically focus on the applied research methodologies and the design methods employed throughout the study. We investigated the level of engagement of end-users during the HCD design processes. As a result, we provide an overview of the current application practices of HCD in health research and a practiceoriented collection of the employed design methods to aid future researchers in their choice of methodology.
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