Gender Aware PD Care 151 6 Methods Equity-centred design approach This design-based study was embedded in the PRIME-NL Study, a large cohort study in the Netherlands focused on PRoactive and Integrated Management and Empowerment in Parkinson’s Disease.13 An equity-centred design approach inspired by Raz and Clifford (2017) was used to guide the research and design process, focusing on the first three phases of the process, including the notice and reflect phase. (figure 1).14 Figure 1. Adapted Equity-centred design framework from Raz et al (2017), as applied in this study. Equity-centred design builds on the human-centred design framework by incorporating intentional reflectivity and acknowledge power, identity, and context in which the design process takes place. Participatory design sessions were organised for men and women separately and on two different days; one workshop day for men with PD and one workshop day for women with PD (for details, see Supplement 1). The reporting is guided by the guidelines for reporting health research involving design, by Bazzano et al (2020) (Supplement 2) and by the SAGER guidelines.15,16 Ethics statement This study has been assessed by the Ethical Board of the Radboud University Medical Centre (METC Oost-Nederland, file number 2022-15954). All participants signed an informed consent at the start of the workshop. Theoretical framework for Gender Norms and Gender Stereotypes The Theory of Normative Social Behaviour (TNSB) will be used to elucidate when, how, and which gender related norms affect health behaviours among men and women with PD. The TNSB states that perceived descriptive and injunctive norms may impact behavioural intention, which in turn may impact personal behaviour. Descriptive norms refer to individuals´ beliefs about the prevalence of a behaviour (e.g., most women with PD I know, worry about their physical appearance). Injunctive norms refer to the extent to which individuals perceive that influential others or
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