Chapter 9 228 Key Points • Conceptual clarity and critical usage of the terms ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ is needed in PD research (and other medical domains) to make research findings more actionable, comparable, and replicable. (Chapter 1) • Addressing multiple dimensions of gender in PD research is important to understand their singular and interactional effect on key health outcomes. (Chapter 2) • Distinct gender dimensions can impact health-related quality of life differently among people with PD. (Chapter 3) • Although every person has a gender identity, the relevance people with PD attribute to gender in their illness experiences varies. Descriptive norms and stereotypes related to gender identity appear to be more relevant. (Chapter 4) • The influence of social gender norms and stereotypes in illness experiences can be exacerbated by disease specific impairments, such as social expectations regarding physical appearances in women and physical strength in men. (Chapter 6) • Gender identities are often used as proxies for biological sex characteristics in medical research, rather than as constructs that requires in-depth and contextual investigations grounded in social theory. (Chapter 7) • It is important for gender sensitive PD research to include social theory to further study the impact of ‘doing gender’. This will advance the study of gender in PD beyond the sole disaggregation of data based on gender identities. (Chapter 8)
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