Multiple Gender Dimensions 51 3 Results Population characteristics. A total of 307 people with PD were included, of which 127 (41%) were female and 179 (58%) were male and 1 (0.6%) person was self-reported as intersex (Supplement 2). The mean age was 67.5 ± 8.3 years and the mean age at diagnosis was 61.5 ± 9.4 years. These subgroup characteristics correspond with the baseline characteristics of the PRIME cohort.30 Differences in clinical characteristics were observed between the sexes with females with PD being younger in both current age (p = 0.002) and age at diagnosis (p < 0.001), they had a longer disease duration (p = 0.009) and had relatively more comorbidities from musculoskeletal diseases compared to the males in our sample (p = 0.006). In contrast, no significant differences were found between the reported sex assigned at birth and education level, Self-Assessement Parkinson’s Disease Disability Scale score (SPDDS), Parkinson Disease Questionnaire Summary Index score (PDQ-39 SI) and COVID-19 stressor score. On the dimension of Gender Identity, 127 (41%) as woman and 180 (59%) participants identified as man. None of the participants identified as non-binary or otherwise and 96% of the participants were heterosexual (Table 1). Significant differences in gender characteristics were found between gender identities (p < 0.001) with women being less represented than men in our sample. On the dimension of Gender Roles, 112 women (88%) scored themselves as mostly or strongly feminine, whereas 164 men (91%) scored themselves mostly or strongly masculine on the unidimensional gender expression scale. However, the gender role orientation (BSRI) score showed that 106 participants (35%) scored low on both masculine and feminine personality traits and 97 (32%) scored high on only feminine traits. Forty-six participants (15%) were classified androgynous, scoring high on both masculine and feminine traits. Significant differences were observed between the unidimensional measure of masculine and feminine gender expression and the twodimensional gender role orientation scale measured by the BSRI (p < 0.001).
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