127 ACCEPTANCE protocol 5 are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (‘strongly disagree’) to 5 (‘strongly agree’). An additional free text field allows for commenting on usability. Patient characteristics Asthma attitude and self-efficacy The Knowledge, Attitude and Self Efficacy-Asthma Questionnaire (KASE-AQ) is used as a comprehensive tool to measure various aspects of attitude and self-efficacy regarding controlling asthma symptoms and disease (43). Each domain consists of 20 questions with scores ranging from 20 to 100. Higher scores on the Self-Efficacy Scale indicate more confidence in managing and controlling asthma. Higher scores on the Attitude Scale indicate a more positive attitude towards asthma. The Knowledge Scale will be omitted as it is oriented to the United States and is not in line with the current Dutch medical guidelines on asthma management. The KASE-AQ without the knowledge domain has successfully been used in previous studies (44,45). Medication beliefs The Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire- Specific (BMQ-Specific) is used to measure beliefs about asthma medication (46). The BMQ-Specific consists of 10 items about the necessity and concerns of a patient’s prescribed medication. The items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (‘strongly disagree’) to 5 (‘strongly agree’). Illness perception Illness perception specific to asthma will be measured using the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (Brief-IPQ). The Brief-IPQ assesses the emotional and cognitive representation of illness and consists of nine items rated on a 11-point scale (47-49). eHealth literacy eHealth literacy is assessed using the eHealth Literacy Questionnaire (eHLQ), which is based on the eHealth Literacy Framework (50). This framework consists of seven domains which include individual factors that are necessary to use eHealth (e.g., engagement in own health), system factors (e.g., access to digital services that work) and user–system interaction factors (e.g., motivation to engage with digital services). The questionnaire consists of 35 items which are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (‘strongly disagree’) to 5 (‘strongly agree’). The eHLQ has been used in international research to help understand people’s interaction with eHealth devices and has been translated into seven different languages. As validation studies of the eHLQ into Dutch were ongoing at study start, the initial translated and culturally adapted version was used. Healthcare use Healthcare use is assessed at baseline (T0) and during all follow-up moments. Selfreport data will be complemented with healthcare use data covering the study period, retrieved from the patients’ general practice electronic health record system at study end. Use data include asthma-specific hospital admissions including intensive
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