150 6 Chapter 6 Methods Criteria for considering studies for this review Types of studies We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster-randomised trials in which IDM programmes or interventions were compared with control (i.e. usual care) in people with COPD. We excluded non-randomised controlled trials and other intervention studies. Types of participants People with a clinical diagnosis of COPD according to the GOLD criteria were included: people with chronic respiratory symptoms (i.e. coughing, sputum, or dyspnoea) and a limited post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)-toforced vital capacity (FVC) ratio < 0.7. Severity of air ow obstruction was classi ed by the GOLD stages of 2009 (GOLD 2009). All GOLD stages were accepted. Studies including participants with diagnoses other than COPD were only eligible if results for participants with COPD were available separately. Types of interventions We included studies in which the IDM intervention consisted of strategies to improve care for patients with COPD including organisational, professional, patient-directed (e.g. self-management, education), and nancial interventions. We classi ed these according to the Cochrane E ective Practice and Organisation of Care Group (EPOC) taxonomy of interventions (EPOC 2008), complemented with patient-directed interventions. To be included in the review, a study had to include at least two of the following components of the IDM intervention. • Education/self-management: education, self-management, personal goals and/ or action plan, exacerbation management. • Exercise: (home) exercise training and/or strength and/or endurance training. • Psychosocial component: cognitive-behavioural therapy, stress management, other psychological assessment and/or treatment. • Smoking cessation. • Medication: optimisation medication regimen/prescription of medication adherence. • Nutrition: dietary intervention. • Follow-up and/or communication: structural follow-up and/or communication, case management by nurses, optimal diagnosis. • Multi-disciplinary team: active participation and formation of teams of
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