4 For better, for worse, or both? 119 METHOD Participants Adolescents (N = 259) participated in a longitudinal study called “One size does not fit all” (http://osf.io/e2jzk). Data, of which 256 adolescents (Mage = 14.4, SDage = 1.59, age range = 12-17 years, 71.5% female) contributed data on our study constructs. Most of these adolescents (97%) and their parents (95%) were born in the Netherlands. Concerning adolescents’ educational level, 15% followed (pre-)vocational secondary education, 36% higher general secondary education, and 49% pre-university secondary education. Their primary caregivers were mostly their mothers (81%; with whom they spend most of their time), although for 19% their father was their primary caregiver. Most parents were married/living together (76%), some were divorced or separated (21%), and a few deceased (3%). Highest educational level of (one of) their parents were primary education (1%), secondary education (1%), vocational training (13%), university of applied sciences (38%), university (28%). We had insufficient information about parental education of 51 adolescents (20%). Many adolescents had siblings (92%), such as one (52%) or two siblings (34%), with a maximum of five (1%). Adolescents could participate with at least one parent. In total, 188 parents (Mage = 46.89, age range = 36-76, 90% Dutch) participated in this longitudinal study. These parents were the biological mothers (78%) or fathers (22%). Most of the participating parents finished post-secondary education: vocational training (35%), university of applied sciences (35%), or university (18%). Forty-six percent of the parents were religious (and in those cases mainly Christian, 88%). Procedure From September to November 2019, adolescents between 12 and 17 years old and their parents were recruited at a Dutch high school through parent-evenings, class visits, and the school’s newsletter. Adolescents and parents could register and provide their active consent through an online form. For adolescents under 16 years old, parents also provided their informed consent for the participation of their adolescent child. A first batch of participants (Nadolescent = 195; Nparent = 163) started in November 2019, while we continued to recruit more families to increase the sample size. In February 2020, a second and last batch of participants started (Nadolescent = 64; Nparent = 25), which led to a total of 259 adolescents and 188 parents. The study was approved by the ethical committee of the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences of Tilburg University (Nr. EC-2019.65t).
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