4 For better, for worse, or both? 121 of privacy. Compared to an older version of the scale (Barber, 1996), the 2012 version showed to be a stronger predictor of adolescent functioning (Barber et al., 2012). Based on the highest factor loadings in a prior study (Barber et al., 2012), we included four of the original eight items to decrease participate burden. These four items are: In the last 2 weeks, my parents: (1) ridiculed me or put me down (e.g., by saying I was dumb or useless); (2) embarrassed me in public (e.g., in front of my friends); (3) did not respect me as a person (e.g., not letting me talk, favoring others over me, etc.); and (4) tried to make me feel guilty for something I’ve done or something s/he thinks I should do. We translated these items to Dutch and items were scored from 1 (never) to 5 (always). Our shortened 4-item version had good reliability at both the between-family (ω b = .95) and within-family level (ω w = .74) (Geldhof et al., 2014). Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (MCFA; Geldhof et al., 2014) indicated a good fit for a one-factor model (CFI = .97, TLI = .94, RMSEA = .03), with standardized factor loadings > .52 at the within-family level and >.74 at the between-family level. Additionally, our 4-item version correlated strongly with the full eight-item scale administered at T1 (r = .90, p = .000). Parental Support To assess supportive parenting, we included parental emotional support, which was biweekly measured using adolescent-reports of a four-item version of the Support subscale of the Network of Relationships Inventory (Furman & Buhrmester, 1985). A Dutch version has been used and validated in earlier work (Dietvorst et al., 2018; Keijsers et al., 2015). The four items are: In the last 2 weeks, how much: (1) did your parent care about you? (2) did your parent appreciate the things you had done? (3) did your parent admire and respect you? and (4) did you care about your parent? Adolescents rated each item on a 5-point scale (1 = not at all; 5 = very often). Parental support was examined separately for the primary and secondary caregiver. In the current study, we focused on parental support of the primary caregiver. The reliability of parental support was good at the betweenfamily (ω b = .96) and within-family level (ω w = .75). The MCFA indicated sufficient fit for a one-factor model (CFI = .91, TLI = .81, RMSEA = .06), with standardized factor loadings above .55 at the within-family level and above .85 at the between-family level. Adolescent Self-Esteem Adolescents rated their self-esteem on the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale Short (RSE-S; Rosenberg, 1965) every other week. To reduce participant burden, five of the 10 items were selected, which were selected based on the factor loadings in a prior study about
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