Chapter 4 122 a Dutch version of the scale (Franck et al., 2008). The five item are: In the last 2 weeks: (1) I took a positive attitude towards myself; (2) I felt that I am a person of worth, at least on an equal plane with others; (3) I felt that I do not have much to be proud of; (4) I wish I could have had more respect for myself; and (5) I was inclined to feel that I am a failure. The items were rated on a scale from 1 (totally disagree) to 5 (totally agree). The reliability of our five-item version was excellent at the between-family level (ω b = .90) and reasonable at the within-family level (ω w =.59). MCFA (CFI = .74, TLI = .56, RMSEA = .07) suggested that the two positively formulated items did not load optimally (within-family: .15 and .18, between family: .28 and .55), whereas all three negatively formulated items had high factor loadings (within-family level: .49, .62, and .78; between-family level: .81, .95, and .98). Moreover, our 5-item version correlated strongly with the original 10-item scale which was measured once at T7 (r = .96, p < .001. A higher mean score indicated higher self-esteem. Adolescent Depressive Symptoms Adolescents’ depressive symptoms were bi-weekly measured with a self-report of the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale Short Form (RADS-2:SF; W. M. Reynolds, 2008). The RADS-SF consists of 10 items, which we translated to Dutch. Adolescents answered each item on a 3-point scale (1 = never; 3 = always). Example items are: In the last 2 weeks: (1) I felt sad; (2) I felt lonely; and (3) I was angry about things. The internal consistency of the scale was good at both the between-family (ω b = .88) and within-family level (ω w = .74). MCFA indicated marginal fit for a unidimensional structure (CFI = .87, TLI = .84, RMSEA = .05). Most standardized factor loadings at the within-family level were between .40 and .68, with one exception of .21 (Item 9: “I was bored”). At the betweenfamily level, standardized factor loadings were between .69 and .94, with one exception of .41 (again Item 9). Earlier work demonstrated that the RADS-2:SF is a reliable and valid measure to screen for depressive symptoms in a community adolescent sample (OrtuñoSierra et al., 2017). Adolescent Anxiety Symptoms Anxiety symptoms were self-reported every other week with the Dutch version (Wijsbroek & Hale, 2005) of the General Anxiety Disorder (GAD) symptoms subscale of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED; Birmaher et al., 1997). The nine items were rated on a 3-point scale from 1 (never) to 3 (always). Example items are: In the last 2 weeks: (1) I was worried about how well I was doing things; (2) I was
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